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Are you exploring water treatment and filtration solutions for your home or business? Or perhaps you’re a professional working in water management and want a reliable glossary to reference? Whatever your goals, understanding the terminology is key to navigating the world of water treatment and filtration.
To simplify the process, we’ve compiled a comprehensive A-to-Z guide of water filtration terms, water treatment glossary definitions, and water purification phrases. This list will help you understand industry-specific language, empowering you to make informed decisions for your water treatment needs.
Dive into this guide and discover everything you need to know, from “aeration” to “zeolites.”
A porous material made from carbon that is processed to increase its surface area. It’s widely used in water filtration systems to remove contaminants including organic compounds, chlorine, and odours by adsorption.
A water treatment process that introduces air into water to remove dissolved gases, such as carbon dioxide, and volatile substances like hydrogen sulphide. Aeration also helps oxidise dissolved metals like iron and manganese for easier removal.
The capacity of water to neutralise acids. Measured in ppm or mg/L, alkalinity helps stabilise pH levels, making water less corrosive to pipes and plumbing.
The process of reversing water flow in a filter system to clean out accumulated debris, dirt, and other impurities. This ensures the filter remains effective.
Microorganisms that can be either beneficial or harmful. Harmful bacteria like E. coli are often targeted in water purification systems using methods like UV disinfection or chlorination.
A concentrated salt solution, often used in water softening systems during the regeneration phase to recharge resin beads.
A method of water purification where activated carbon is used to remove contaminants, including chlorine, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pesticides.
The process of adding chlorine to water as a disinfectant to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
A water treatment step where chemicals are added to clump together suspended particles, making them easier to remove in subsequent filtration steps.
A process that removes dissolved ions, such as sodium, calcium, and chloride, to produce high-purity water. Common in labs and industrial applications.
Distillation
The process of boiling water, collecting the resulting steam, and condensing it back into liquid form. This removes impurities such as salts, heavy metals, and some microorganisms.
Treated water discharged from a wastewater treatment plant, industry, or household system back into the environment.
A process that uses electrical currents and ion-selective membranes to separate and remove salts and other ions from water.
The physical process of removing particles, sediment, and impurities from water using a permeable medium such as sand, carbon, or specialised filters.
Following coagulation, this is the process of gently mixing water to gather small particles into larger clusters (called flocs), which can then be removed by sedimentation or filtration.
An activated carbon with a larger particle size is used primarily in water filtration systems to remove larger contaminants, such as organic chemicals and chlorine.
Domestic wastewater is generated from washing dishes, laundry, and bathing. After proper treatment, it can often be recycled for irrigation and non-potable uses.
Water containing high concentrations of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium, can cause scaling in pipes, appliances, and boilers.
The volume of water applied to a filter per unit area and time is often used to measure filter performance in treatment plants.
A process where unwanted dissolved ions (like calcium and magnesium) are replaced with more desirable ions (like sodium or hydrogen) to soften water or remove contaminants.
A laboratory procedure to optimise coagulation and flocculation during water or wastewater treatment by simulating chemical dosing and stirring conditions.
The study of factors that influence the efficiency and speed of contaminant removal in a filtration system, such as water flow rate and media characteristics.
A water treatment process that uses lime (calcium hydroxide) to reduce hardness by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions.
Filtration using a semi-permeable membrane to separate contaminants from water. This includes reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and ultrafiltration (UF).
A type of membrane filtration with pore sizes typically between 0.1 and 10 microns, used to remove particles and microorganisms.
A common ion found in water that comes from fertilisers, septic tanks, and natural processes. High nitrate levels can pose health risks, particularly to infants.
A filtration process using membranes with extremely small pores, effectively removing salts, organics, and some viruses.
A chemical reaction where oxygen reacts with contaminants, such as iron or manganese, to make them easier to filter out of water.
A measurement of water’s acidity or alkalinity, typically ranging from 0 to 14. Neutral water has a pH of 7, with lower numbers indicating acidity and higher numbers indicating alkalinity.
Water treatment systems like filters or softeners installed at a specific location (e.g., under a sink) to treat water as it is used.
A type of membrane filtration where water is forced through an ultra-fine membrane under pressure, removing dissolved salts, impurities, and contaminants.
A water treatment process where heavier particles settle to the bottom of a tank or basin, allowing the clear water to be separated.
Water with low concentrations of dissolved calcium and magnesium, often achieved through water softening.
A measurement of all dissolved substances in water, including minerals, salts, and metals. A high TDS level can affect water taste and quality.
The cloudiness of water caused by suspended solids. High turbidity is often treated through filtration or sedimentation.
A type of membrane filtration that removes smaller particles compared to microfiltration, such as bacteria and some viruses.
Using ultraviolet light to kill or inactivate harmful microorganisms in water, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.
Natural or synthetic minerals often used in water softeners, adsorption, or to remove specific contaminants like ammonia.
Understanding water filtration and treatment terms is essential for making informed decisions about water quality. Whether you’re a homeowner concerned about your family’s drinking water or a professional working toward environmental sustainability, knowledge makes all the difference.
Need help choosing the right water treatment solution? Contact the Dowdens team of experts today to find the perfect fit for your needs.
Dowdens Pumping & Water Treatment offers a wide range of water treatment solutions. Our extensive selection allows us to provide customised solutions for any project, supported by our industry-trained engineers, draftsmen, project managers, salespeople, and tradespeople who can design tailored solutions for various purposes.
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Dowdens has four convenient locations throughout Queensland. We have branches in Mackay and Proserpine in the north, servicing the Sugar and Coal industries, a centrally located branch in Rockhampton, specialising in the Agricultural and Coal industries, and a branch in Brisbane, servicing multiple industries in southeast Queensland.
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